Can be used to a new diagnosis of leukemia markers

Researchers at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting in 2009 announced that the blood of patients with a high enzyme content can be used as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) object detection.

CLL is a kind of white people in Europe and the United States is more common in leukemia, once discovered, should be treated immediately. According to the American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008 about 15,100 cases nationwide of chronic lymphocytic leukemia new cases, including 4400 deaths.

Responsible for the study of the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine pharmacology professor Paul A Purcell said that this enzyme is known as PDE7B on the development of CLL have played an important role, perhaps as a future target for the treatment of CLL. Purcell Research Group found that a group of leukemia patients have been referred to as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the enzyme, a phosphodiesterase PDE7B levels 10 times higher than normal. PDE7B can control the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, the chemical substances can promote programmed cell death, in the course of CLL patients are often flawed. Although the majority of cancer cells will lose control, CLL is characterized by leukocyte death should have been there but a lot. And a high level of PDE7B means to reduce the cAMP content of cells in normal and reduced mortality.

Researchers have not been treated 85 cases of CLL patients and 30 healthy adults PDE7B body to monitor the level of contrast, they PDE7B content in accordance with the level of the body will be divided into two types of subjects in order to further define the diagnosis of leukemia PDE7B significance. Purcell Research Group found that a high content of individual PDE7B there is indeed a more serious disease, relatively speaking, PDE7B is more accurate monitoring indicators. In some cases, PDE7B level can be used as a new marker. The researchers said that if a sufficiently high concentration, PDE7B alone as a diagnostic marker of CLL. When low or difficult to monitor, you can use other existing markers.

University of California San Diego Cancer Center, Thomas leukemia experts said that the discovery of the early diagnosis of leukemia and to provide the appropriate treatment of potential significance. Purcell said that their research may have for the future treatment of CLL drug target, if the scientists are able to issue the appropriate drugs to prevent the growth of this enzyme, thereby enhancing the cell cAMP content and the normal mortality rate, which will ultimately bring good news for patients with CLL.

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4 abnormal signal indicates heart failure

The main symptoms of heart failure are dyspnea, wheezing, edema, etc., but sometimes will show other symptoms occur when a patient following four abnormal signals, to be alert to the possibility of heart failure, it is timely to go to the hospital to check.

That is, heart failure or congestive heart failure Heart failure, it is not an independent disease, are a variety of factors led to the serious stage of a heart attack, when heart disease, fatigue, weakened by ejection, and output can not meet the organ and tissue metabolic needs.

The main symptoms of heart failure are dyspnea, wheezing, edema, etc., but sometimes will show other symptoms occur when a patient following four abnormal signals, to be alert to the possibility of heart failure, it is timely to go to the hospital to check.

First, cough, asthma looks like bronchitis, asthma

Left heart failure is often manifested in the initial frequent dry cough or chest tightness, wheezing, and fatigue, especially when. Some hold up suddenly at night, shortness of breath, was forced to sit up until after the symptoms gradually ease. This is because of left heart failure leading to pulmonary congestion and bronchial mucosal edema, increased secretions, respiratory tract obstruction caused by ventilation. Because many elderly people have chronic lung disease (such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) history, so when the failure to respiratory symptoms for outstanding performance, it is often misdiagnosed as bronchitis or asthma attacks. How to distinguish between them? Cardiogenic Kechuan with postural close lying when symptoms re-sit (li) bit when the symptoms of light, and usually attack at night.

Second, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea, gastroenteritis seemingly

This is mainly seen in the right heart failure. Return because of right heart blood blocked, so that systemic venous hypertension, resulting in visceral (gastrointestinal tract, liver, gall bladder, etc.) blood stasis, there loss of appetite, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms may also result in a serious condition gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm caused by ischemic abdominal pain, diarrhea. If you do not asked in detail about the history and search body (right heart failure generally have liver, and lower extremity edema, jugular vein positive signs such as rapid expansion), can easily be misdiagnosed as chronic digestive diseases such as gastroenteritis.

Three, Urine less swelling looks like kidney disease

Heart failure patients because of reduced cardiac output, systemic blood, effective circulating blood volume decrease in renal blood flow inadequate, which led to a 24-hour total urine volume decrease in the relative increase in nocturnal. This is because at night lying resting, return to the heart to increase blood volume, kidney better than during the day because. With kidney disease are different, cardiac edema from many parts of the body sag (ankle, leg) began, and renal edema usually appears first on the face. In addition, cardiac edema many sick urine is normal, and heart failure accompanied by other symptoms and signs.

Four, emotional or mental abnormalities seemingly senile psychosis or encephalopathy

Some elderly patients with heart failure highlight the performance of psychiatric symptoms, such as dizziness, insomnia, irritability, hallucinations, coma and even unconscious and so on. This is mainly because of the elderly, there are varying degrees of cerebral arteriosclerosis and cerebral circulation insufficiency. Heart failure because of decreased blood volume and cardiac output, further exacerbating symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Of course, from heart failure secondary to water, electrolyte disorders, caused by cerebral metabolic abnormalities, but also lead to mental disorders an important reason. Pay no attention to such as identification, can easily be misdiagnosed as senile psychosis, stroke, brain tumor and so on.

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Medical Assistant for Leather stomach Diagnostic Analysis

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Medical Assistant for Leather stomach Diagnostic Analysis

St. Augustine School of Medical Assistants, Hans said, Leather stomach, also known as diffuse infiltrative gastric cancer or Borrmann IV type gastric cancer, has a unique biological behavior, the lack of endoscopic mucosal changes. Biopsy positive rate is not high, easily misdiagnosed. Medical Assistant Hans pointed out that type of gastric cancer a high degree of malignancy. Course of rapid development and poor prognosis.

Medical Assistant Hans Said, Leather stomach refers mainly in the stomach wall with gastric diffuse infiltrative growth, since all levels of submucosa vertical and horizontal proliferation of surrounding infiltration with fibrous tissue hyperplasia, thickening of gastric wall hardens so. But not to the cavity formation process of the tumor, nor the formation of large ulcers. St. Augustine School of Medical Assistants Hans said, Borrmann put it as advanced gastric cancer of type IV, namely, diffuse infiltrative type of gastric cancer. About 10% of all gastric cancer, clinical manifestations and prognosis are different from other types of gastric cancer. Medical Assistant Hans pointed out, Leather stomach although advanced gastric cancer, but often misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis rate of 10% -30%, little 5-year survival.

St. Augustine School of Medical Assistants Hans analysis of the causes of misdiagnosis for: 1. A lack of understanding of Leather stomach; 2. The lack of specific symptoms and signs; 3. Medical technicians diagnosed the level of the poor.

Medical Assistant Hans consider the diagnosis means to have: 1. Endoscopy: gastroscopy are the main means of diagnosis of gastric cancer. 2.CT inspection. 3.X-ray barium upper gastrointestinal tract: The Leather stomach inspection of the diagnosis rate is higher than endoscopy, especially suitable for weak physique, gastroscopy have concerns of patients.

Medical Assistant Hans pointed out that measures to avoid misdiagnosis has: 1. Improve endoscopic diagnosis and biopsy level. 2. Combination of imaging examination, in combination with X-ray barium on digestion, CT, such as a comprehensive analysis of inspection, conditional ultrasound endoscopy are feasible and is conducive to the early diagnosis of Leather stomach.

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Research on sterilization of plastic that can be avoided for women infected with HIV

South African Medical Research Council (MRC), said a research report published by the AIDS virus (HIV) prevention research department for more than 3,000 women conducted by a period of 3 and a half years of clinical studies have shown that a woman named PRO2000 bactericidal adhesive can be used effective in enabling women to avoid contracting HIV, This is the world's first human clinical trials have proved that the sterilization of plastic to prevent HIV transmission from men to women.

Bactericidal plastic is a dedicated women's jelly, foam-like or cream-like pharmaceutical, women having sex at the former use of the sterilization of plastic, can prevent infection HIV. At present, the world's HIV-infected persons, women occupy half; Sub-Saharan Africa in adult HIV-infected persons, women occupy 60%.

From February 2005 to September 2008, from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and the United States five countries 3099 women participated in the clinical trials. Test is divided into 4 groups, 2 groups have separately the use of sterilization and disinfection of plastic BufferGel plastic PRO2000 (0.5% dose) and group 2 separately using the console as well as the non-use of plastic as compared bactericidal plastic. The results show that, BufferGel basically not serve any role in the prevention of HIV infection, and PRO2000 can make 30 percent decline in HIV infection.

MRC South Africa, HIV prevention, research director, Professor Kitariko Ramji said: "The scientists have been looking for a can to protect women, fundamentally the number of new HIV infection in a safe and effective sterilization of plastic, after ten years of research, we finally see dawn. PRO2000 carried out against the tests showed that the use of bactericidal plastic to prevent the spread of HIV is feasible. "

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The researchers published methods of inducing cancer cell suicide

French researchers published studies indicate that people can use a molecular "bait" to simulate the DNA damage, thereby promoting cancer cells to commit suicide.

Doctors often use chemotherapy and radiation therapy damage to cancer cells, thereby causing programmed cell death. However, for some time, these therapies give cancer cells the extent of the damage caused by not enough to provoke programmed cell death, while cancer cells can survive under the self-repair, so that the course of treatment to no avail.

To deal with this situation, Paris, France, Marie Curie Research Institute Teles led researchers to create small DNA fragments, copying the genetic code at both ends of the double helix structure of damaged, so that those stubborn cancer cells that they suffer serious , thereby "committing suicide", that is, programmed cell death.

The research results were published in the latest issue of the United States, "Clinical Cancer Research" on. The researchers said that a number of malignant tumors are resistant to conventional therapy, this study has opened up a new deal with malignant road.

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Scientists said the drug can selectively delete the memory of terror

Dutch scientists claim that a common treatment for angina drug Inderal (propranolol) can selectively delete the memory of terror, which may become the treatment of anxiety disorders --- new approach to save memory by blocking the protein required by the synthesis, and thus interfere with memory consolidation, the study published in the February 16 publication of "Nature - Neural Science" on.

In the new experiments, researchers at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, staff give Healthy volunteers watch spider picture, a picture of one of the first shock will be. When the volunteers learn to be linked to the spider and electric shocks and saw the picture site will result in anxiety.　　

The next day, researchers will be divided into two groups of volunteers to one of the one group was given propranolol (used to treat arrhythmias, angina drug); give another group a placebo. Researchers to show them the same picture of the spider, and then burst through the broadcast of noise and analysis of the eye muscles a note of intensity level of their fears. The third day, two groups have to remember the shock and the links between the spider: they are precisely what I remember when fear. But taking a group of propranolol fear should be smaller. That implies that the contents of memory preserved intact, but the emotional memories trigger has been deleted.

This new discovery builds on decades of research on animals, the brain in different regions of different memory storage. A brain region called the amygdala is considered the brain's fear center in the brain's emotional memory storage plays an important role. In animal studies have shown that propranolol prevented the tonsil in a molecule, interferes with memory consolidation. The scientists have found that to remember a simple act, they need to keep on memory consolidation.

Previous studies have demonstrated that propranolol can help with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Sargent said: "Exposure therapy is the treatment of anxiety disorders the most effective way, but not for everyone to apply to have 20%% 60%% of patients will deteriorate again." However, taking the propranolol patients will not, This indicates that the memory really weaken or even completely eliminated.　

Sargent and other research team is conducting more extensive tests to determine the efficacy of propranolol at the same time, also want to find out the circumstances under which medication is best for them. Sargent said: "The next step is to observe that the impact of drugs on memory duration, to study their impact on people with certain diseases or the treatment of patients with phobia."

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Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease research and treatment

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Sequelae of adenovirus pneumonia awareness

Adenovirus pneumonia is severe pneumonia in children during one of the case-fatality rate can be as high as 10%. Lower respiratory tract infection adenovirus survival 14% -60% have left over can be varying degrees of pulmonary sequelae. Acute phase of pneumonia and more serious, and its after-effects of the higher incidence. Adenovirus pneumonia often left over from the aftermath: obliterative bronchitis, transparent unilateral lung, bronchiectasis, interstitial fibrosis.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), are from small airway inflammatory disease caused by chronic airflow obstruction clinical syndrome. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a pathological diagnosis. Lesion involving the bronchioles and alveolar duct, lung substance hardly affected.

Adenovirus infection of BO are the most common pathogen. Adenovirus bronchiolitis and mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis obliterans in a strong, independent risk factors.

Adenovirus for DNA viruses, the infected body cell replication cycle, can cause cell lysis and death. Cause necrosis in the process, the neutral-type cells, inflammatory mediators also play an important role.

Children BO histological changes, can be divided into light to bronchiole bronchiolitis and fibrosis trachea was complete obstruction. Early aggressive treatment is therefore necessary to prevent the disease.

BO clinical manifestations in patients with chronic cough, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance, weight may have three concave disease symptoms. Wheezing rale sustain wetlands are the most common signs. BO who sustained severe symptoms, many died of respiratory failure; survivors symptoms can be gradually reduced, reduced hospitalization, but the results of imaging examination without improvement.

Unilateral pulmonary transparent, also known as Swyer James Macleod syndrome, is a clinical, in patients with lung or lobe side (above) over bright, breath away when the gas reservoir Obviously, both the performance characteristics for small airway obstruction. Unilateral transparency was particularly prevalent in the lung after adenovirus pneumonia. Unilateral pulmonary essentially transparent to bronchiolitis obliterans, pulmonary vascular small impact on the outcome of lung development.

Clinical manifestations can be light weight, can be asymptomatic or coughing or wheezing. The lungs and wheezing could be heard the sound. Most of the children with unilateral lung transparent late diagnosis, some cases can be taken in the adult chest X-ray films was found by chance.

Bronchiectasis is a recurring bacterial infection and airway inflammation and airway tissue damage around the lead to irreversible airway expansion. Adenoviral pneumonia can also be left over from pulmonary fibrosis.

In the sequelae of adenovirus pneumonia, the obliterative bronchiolitis lesion-based, transparent Unilateral pulmonary its impact on the outcome of lung development, some bronchodilators may also be for obstructive bronchiolitis obliterans secondary infection results. Caused by adenovirus in children with severe pneumonia are common diseases of the original one. Therefore, the sequelae of adenovirus pneumonia required further attention.

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Spring is the season of vigorous cell proliferation, prevention of recurrence has coup

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Spring is the season of vigorous cell proliferation, prevention of recurrence has coup

Spring by the cold climate warming, the natural development of bio-initiation at the same time, the spring of cancer patients in vivo tumor cell growth and proliferation of abnormal strong, when the growth rate of tumor cells beyond the clinical treatment and the immune system beyond the control of speed, can easily lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. In addition, a variety of bacteria, viruses, growth and reproduction active, easily penetrated the patient, leading to tumor immune function in patients with a significant drop in tumor recurrence and metastasis as well as provide an objective conditions, but also a lot of patients fall into a difficult situation. Cancer patients do the safe degree of spring?

Accommodation should be the law: as soon as possible to sleep, get up as soon as possible, often outdoor, tree-lined trail, such as fresh air and Events Department.

Strengthening of physical exercise: the spring is the golden season of physical exercise, physical activity can make the body smooth blood, increase body mass.

Attention should be paid to warm cold: spring climate variability, coupled with a winter cover people, metabolic function is weak, can not quickly adjust body temperature, such as clothing thin, a bit negligent on the susceptibility of disease and endanger health.

Diet should be light: avoid too much acid, Shibuya, greasy, cold, especially not many big Xin Jin Tai's hot products, such as ginseng, dried, spirits, etc., help to avoid hot fire. Advised to eat more protein, minerals, vitamins (especially B vitamins)-rich foods, especially vegetables, lean meat, soy products, eggs and so on.

Many fresh mushrooms and vegetables: some edible fungi such as mushrooms, mushrooms, straw mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps fungi, such as regularly consumed, can enhance human immunity, enabling the virus in vivo inhibition of proliferation, inhibition of tumor proliferation in vivo.

Maintain the optimistic, cheerful attitude: Mental conditioning should be open-minded, optimistic sentiment, Yu Jie, anger to support, making the blood smooth, exuberant spirit.

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PRO2000 gel may be the prevention of AIDS

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PRO2000 gel may be the prevention of AIDS

With a new large-scale test results, over the prevention of HIV microbicide gel to reduce the performance of a number of dark clouds.

Scientists said the study provides many points of "strong indications" show that the PRO 2000 gel may protect users from infection. However, these results are not completely sure.

The test compared the two types of gel in preventing HIV through sexual transmission from men to women in regard to the merits, before that, Carraguard gel test fails, the result was published last year.

That test led critics to speculate the road in front of the prevention of AIDS vaccines are, or are gel with anti-retroviral drugs combinations.

In this latest experiment, the South African Medical Research Council in February 2005 to September 2008 in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe and the United States, seven sites have recruited more than 3000 women.

The study compared the BufferGel, PRO 2000, a placebo gel and do not use any gel.

4 In this group, the lowest AIDS infection is the use of PRO 2000 gel group, it shows a 30% protective effect. This did not meet was considered statistically significant 33% target.

There is also evidence that, for those who frequently use this gel and those who rarely use condoms, the effect is 78%.

These are all means of intervention can not prevent other sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy.

"PRO 2000 is the result of 10 years after the study is the first time prompted microbicide products are used in AIDS prevention is feasible," the South African Medical Research Council, director of AIDS prevention department, the head of the experimental study of Gita Ramjee said.

"This is the first time in a hope that one day we will have a female-led AIDS prevention choices. This is microbicides and prevention of ... ... as well as the independence and autonomy of women are enormous step."

"We have no proof has been a microbicide," KwaZulu - Natal University, Professor Salim Karim said. Karim in Montreal, Canada at the 16th Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections meeting announced the findings of the study.

"We have are the things looked hopeful."

Now scientists are waiting by the British Medical Research Council to conduct a more large-scale study of PRO 2000, its results will be announced in December 2009.

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Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Analysis

Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease research and treatment

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Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Analysis

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are a special type, less common clinical, ECG changes and coronary heart disease have similarities, the majority of patients with no symptoms or the lack of specific symptoms and signs, easily lead to misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

AHCM confined to apical hypertrophy, the former apical wall is particularly evident, the most thick in addition to up to 14-32mm. Most occurred in the male, often a family history, is now considered are autosomal dominant genetic disease, sarcomere contractile protein gene mutations are the main pathogenic factors.

The early symptoms of mild disease, in late may have heart palpitations, chest tightness, chest pain, exertional dyspnea and hair force performance.

This disease diagnosed mainly based on ECG, echocardiography and left ventricular angiography. Echocardiography is currently the most widely and was considered the most AHCM has diagnostic value of screening methods, the specificity at 90%. Its diagnostic criteria: 1. Hypertrophy confined to the left ventricular myocardium papillary muscles below apex, free wall thickness> 16mm. 2. Septal and left ventricular cavity expanding.

Misdiagnosed because: 1. Echocardiography inherent shortcoming: because of restrictions by the window, as well as in patients with obesity or adjacent lung tissue, such as the impact of echocardiography can not happen when enough of the echo may be missed. 2. Not timely echocardiography and left ventricular angiography.

AHCM because no dynamic left ventricular outflow and cardiac infarction interior pressure gradient exists, the impact on cardiac hemodynamics less favorable prognosis, the annual fatality rate of only 0.1 percent, 15-year survival rate of 95%.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease research and treatment

Streptococcus pneumoniae for Gram-positive cocci double, and anaerobes, and was known as the Bath Micrococcus, pneumococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, until 1974 was officially named as Streptococcus pneumoniae.Function or anatomy of the absence of spleen in children is Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive infection caused by systemic high-risk groups, so this caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae systemic disease known as invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).Are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease such as meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, such as an important pathogen, but also the death of 2 children under the age of one of the main reasons. All over the world each year has around 1.2 million children die from pneumococcal infections, the mortality rate more than any one vaccine-preventable pathogens.

Infants and preschool children in the pathogen to carry a high rate of asymptomatic (> 50%), especially in day-care institutions and children in crowded places. IPD incidence in different countries and different ethnic origin. And in the same region, over time, will also change the type pathogen. Is now clear that the IPD caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenic material for the main capsular polysaccharide and hemolysin.

Not all carriers will have IDP. The main reason leading to IDP are: the body of the existence of systemic or local infection, local mucosal immunity lowering, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency. Such as low Agammaglobulinemia, complement deficiencies, neutropenia, such as missing spleen, HIV infection. Infants and young children in general a higher rate of incidence increases with age, decreased nearly 5-year-old age when the incidence declined rapidly after the age of 60 have increased the incidence of the peak once again appear in the elderly over the age of 65 patients.

IDP are the high season in winter, may be associated with other respiratory infections such as: influenza, mycoplasma, chlamydia infection prone secondary infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In a relatively closed collective institutions such as schools, barracks, day-care centers and prisons, the emergence of a new strain will lead to the outbreak of IDP. Function or anatomy of the Absence of spleen is also a risk factor for IDP.

Penicillin for the treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the standard drugs, in clinical applications have more than half a century. But now drug-resistant strains have emerged, and have a more serious phenomenon of multi-drug resistant.The majority of reduced susceptibility to penicillin strains of the third generation, fourth generation cephalosporins are more sensitive, and amoxicillin can be used for the treatment of reduced susceptibility to penicillin strains. For patients with severe IDP, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone or cefepime are the preferred drugs. Alternative drugs, including carbapenems, the new generation of quinolones, clindamycin and vancomycin, such as.

IDP prevention include improving the living environment, give up bad habits, take part in physical exercise, active treatment of basic diseases, but the most effective preventive measure when the Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine.

In short, IDP is a global disease, the incidence of diseases and pathogens of other plant type with the national, regional, ethnic vary; a variety of factors influence its pathogenesis; its clinical features vary, most of the performance of non-specific, general multiple organ can be involved.

With sensitive, effective and rational application of antibiotics and vaccines continuous research and development, IDP morbidity will be reduced, but the emergence of many drug-resistant strains makes it an upward trend in incidence, death rate, an increase of the difficulty of clinical data expect the development of new vaccines, which in turn can more immune type strain, reduce resistance, reduce the occurrence of IDP .

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